Parker used Whitworth for the first AAH Pigeon Gun SN 79964 delivered to Capt. maker to supply Whitworth steel for their Optimus in 1887. 10614 & 10615 were delivered Januwith the “New Whitworth Fluid Pressed Steel.” Lefever Arms Co. 1 Red Gun Barrel Steel” was 40 tons or 89,600 psi other sources however reported 66,000 – 67,200 psi. Whitworth claimed the tensile strength of his “No. The primary advantage of the “fluid compression” process was uniformity, and the absence of porosity and voids. Sir Joseph Whitworth’s adaptation of Bessemer’s principle of hydraulic pressure casting was patented in 1874. Webley & Son began using Siemens steel shotgun barrels about 1880 and reported excellent results. William Siemens established the “Sample Steelworks” to develop the Siemens-Martin “Open Hearth” process in 1865, and his steel was in general industrial use 1870 – 1875. The Bessemer process was improved after 1876 when Sidney Gilchrist Thomas and his cousin Percy Gilchrist developed a burned limestone lining for the Bessemer converters that removed phosphorus with the slag, which made possible the use of higher phosphorus ores. In 1858 Göran Fredrik Göransson, a Swedish ironmaster, redesigned the Bessemer furnace, or converter, and steel then could be produced on a much larger scale, and at a much lower cost. He also experimented with tungsten, titanium, and other alloys and established the Titanic Steel Works in 1862 for production of his “Titanic Steel”. Robert Mushet adapted the Bessemer Process in 1856 by adding manganese (speigeleisen) and established the Forest Steel Works in Darkhill, Gloucestershire. Bessemer established his steel works in Sheffield, England. When Kelly heard of Bessemer’s patents, he filed a priority claim and in 1857 received a U.S. About 1848 Thomas Warner, at the Whitneyville works, incurred so much loss in the skelp-welding of barrels that he voluntarily substituted steel drilled barrels in his contract, making them of decarbonized steel…The use of soft cast-steel was begun at Harper’s Ferry about 1849.Īfter 1873, all small-arms barrels turned out at the national armory at Springfield were made of decarbonized…Bessemer steel until 1878, and afterward Siemens-Martin steel.”Īpparently working independently of Kelly, Henry Bessemer had also been investigated an improved method for steel production and in 1855 obtained an English patent for what was essentially Kelly’s process, and the following year obtained several U.S. “The earliest use of decarbonized steel for gun-barrels is generally credited to the Remingtons, who made steel barrels for North & Savage, of Middletown, Connecticut, and for the Ames Manufacturing Company of Chicopee, Massachusetts as early as 1846. to manufacture Bessemer process barrels, according to “Fire-Arms Manufacture”, U.S. Remington was one of the first in the U.S. Air was blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove impurities and carbon. William Kelly is credited with developing what is now known as the Bessemer process in 1846 at his Eddyville Iron Works in Kentucky. and Ohonon 6 S.J.)ĭamascus barrel patterns, strength, and use thereof is not the topic of this article however.

D Grade: “Very fine Damascus” (Chine P.

C Grade: “Finer Damascus” (Etoile and Washington).

B Grade: “Fine Three stripe Damascus” (Oxford 4 S.J.

A Grade: “Two stripe Damascus” (Boston and Oxford 2 S.J.).

The 1898 Remington catalog listed the following patterns for the Hammerless Model of 1894 275 of Charles Semmer’s Remington Double Shotguns. A salesman’s sample rod with 12 different patterns lies in a case in Ilion, New York at the Remington Arms Company Museum, and is illustrated on p. maker offered a greater variety of Pattern Welded barrels, some aesthetically spectacular, than did Remington. Lower quality English and Belgian guns, many imported into the U.S., used Plain Twist/Skelp into the early 1900s. Crolle Damascus was available in the 1820s, but “English Two Stripe” was not in general use until the mid-1800s, and with Three Iron “Oxford” and a later Laminated Steel, was used c. English ‘Best Guns’ had Stub Twist in the 1820s-40s, then both Stub Twist and an early Laminated Steel into the 1860s. “Cast steel” tubes from Huntsman’s hot-rolled crucible steel process of 1742 were an improvement, but were still of low strength requiring thick (and heavy) barrels.īy 1800, Pattern Welded (Twist, Crolle Damascus and Laminated Steel) barrels began to appear on sporting smoothbore muzzleloaders.

To form a barrel (or a pipe), prior to the availability of precision barrel boring, a sheet was folded over a mandrel and the long edge hammer welded. In the 1700s, smoothbore musket tubes were primarily wrought iron.

Thomas parker double barrel shotgun